> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://nvd-54.mintlify.site/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# 权限

> 使用声明式权限规则控制深度智能体的文件系统访问

使用声明式权限规则控制智能体可以读写的文件和目录。将规则列表传递给 `permissions=`，智能体的内置文件系统工具将遵守这些规则。

<Note>
  权限需要 `deepagents>=0.5.2`。
</Note>

权限仅适用于内置文件系统工具（`ls`、`read_file`、`glob`、`grep`、`write_file`、`edit_file`）。自定义工具和访问文件系统的 MCP 工具不在覆盖范围内。权限也不适用于[沙箱后端](/oss/python/deepagents/sandboxes)，后者通过 `execute` 工具支持任意命令执行。

<Tip>
  当你需要在内置文件系统工具上实施**基于路径的允许/拒绝规则**时，使用 `permissions`。当你需要自定义验证逻辑（速率限制、审计日志、内容检查）或需要控制自定义工具时，使用[后端策略钩子](/oss/python/deepagents/backends#add-policy-hooks)。
</Tip>

## 基本用法

将 [`FilesystemPermission`](https://reference.langchain.com/python/deepagents/middleware/permissions/FilesystemPermission) 规则列表传递给 [`create_deep_agent`](https://reference.langchain.com/python/deepagents/graph/create_deep_agent)。规则按声明顺序评估。首条匹配的规则生效。如果没有规则匹配，操作被允许。

```python theme={"theme":{"light":"catppuccin-latte","dark":"catppuccin-mocha"}}
from deepagents import FilesystemPermission, create_deep_agent


# Read-only agent: deny all writes
agent = create_deep_agent(
    model=model,
    backend=backend,
    permissions=[
        FilesystemPermission(
            operations=["write"],
            paths=["/**"],
            mode="deny",
        ),
    ],
)
```

## 规则结构

每个 `FilesystemPermission` 有三个字段：

| 字段           | 类型                        | 说明                                                                                         |
| ------------ | ------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| `operations` | `list["read" \| "write"]` | 此规则适用的操作。`"read"` 覆盖 `ls`、`read_file`、`glob`、`grep`。`"write"` 覆盖 `write_file`、`edit_file`。 |
| `paths`      | `list[str]`               | 用于匹配文件路径的 glob 模式（如 `["/workspace/**"]`）。支持 `**` 进行递归匹配和 `{a,b}` 进行交替。                     |
| `mode`       | `"allow" \| "deny"`       | 是否允许或拒绝匹配的操作。默认为 `"allow"`。                                                                |

规则使用首次匹配生效的评估方式：第一条其 `operations` 和 `paths` 匹配当前调用的规则决定结果。如果没有规则匹配，调用被**允许**（宽容的默认行为）。

## 示例

### 隔离到工作区目录

仅允许在 `/workspace/` 下读写，拒绝其他所有操作：

```python theme={"theme":{"light":"catppuccin-latte","dark":"catppuccin-mocha"}}
agent = create_deep_agent(
    model=model,
    backend=backend,
    permissions=[
        FilesystemPermission(
            operations=["read", "write"],
            paths=["/workspace/**"],
            mode="allow",
        ),
        FilesystemPermission(
            operations=["read", "write"],
            paths=["/**"],
            mode="deny",
        ),
    ],
)
```

### 保护特定文件

```python theme={"theme":{"light":"catppuccin-latte","dark":"catppuccin-mocha"}}
agent = create_deep_agent(
    model=model,
    backend=backend,
    permissions=[
        FilesystemPermission(
            operations=["read", "write"],
            paths=["/workspace/.env", "/workspace/examples/**"],
            mode="deny",
        ),
        FilesystemPermission(
            operations=["read", "write"],
            paths=["/workspace/**"],
            mode="allow",
        ),
        FilesystemPermission(
            operations=["read", "write"],
            paths=["/**"],
            mode="deny",
        ),
    ],
)
```

### 只读记忆

允许智能体读取记忆文件但阻止修改。这对于组织范围的策略或应仅由应用代码更新的共享知识库很有用。参见[只读与可写记忆](/oss/python/deepagents/memory#read-only-vs-writable-memory)了解更多背景。

```python theme={"theme":{"light":"catppuccin-latte","dark":"catppuccin-mocha"}}
from deepagents.backends import CompositeBackend, StateBackend, StoreBackend

agent = create_deep_agent(
    model=model,
    backend=CompositeBackend(
        default=StateBackend(),
        routes={
            "/memories/": StoreBackend(
                namespace=lambda rt: (rt.server_info.user.identity,),
            ),
            "/policies/": StoreBackend(
                namespace=lambda rt: (rt.context.org_id,),
            ),
        },
    ),
    permissions=[
        FilesystemPermission(
            operations=["write"],
            paths=["/memories/**", "/policies/**"],
            mode="deny",
        ),
    ],
)
```

### 拒绝所有访问

阻止所有读取和写入。这是一个限制性基线，你可以在其上叠加更具体的允许规则：

```python theme={"theme":{"light":"catppuccin-latte","dark":"catppuccin-mocha"}}
agent = create_deep_agent(
    model=model,
    backend=backend,
    permissions=[
        FilesystemPermission(
            operations=["read", "write"],
            paths=["/**"],
            mode="deny",
        ),
    ],
)
```

### 规则排序

由于首次匹配生效，规则顺序很重要。将更具体的规则放在更宽泛的规则之前：

```python theme={"theme":{"light":"catppuccin-latte","dark":"catppuccin-mocha"}}
# Correct: deny .env, allow workspace, deny everything else
correct_permissions = [
    FilesystemPermission(
        operations=["read", "write"],
        paths=["/workspace/.env"],
        mode="deny",
    ),
    FilesystemPermission(
        operations=["read", "write"],
        paths=["/workspace/**"],
        mode="allow",
    ),
    FilesystemPermission(
        operations=["read", "write"],
        paths=["/**"],
        mode="deny",
    ),
]

# Bug: /workspace/** matches .env first, so the deny never triggers
incorrect_permissions = [
    FilesystemPermission(
        operations=["read", "write"],
        paths=["/workspace/**"],
        mode="allow",
    ),
    FilesystemPermission(
        operations=["read", "write"],
        paths=["/workspace/.env"],
        mode="deny",  # never reached
    ),
    FilesystemPermission(
        operations=["read", "write"],
        paths=["/**"],
        mode="deny",
    ),
]
```

## 子智能体权限

[子智能体](/oss/python/deepagents/subagents)默认继承父智能体的权限。要给子智能体不同的权限，在其规格中设置 `permissions` 字段。这会**完全替换**父级的规则。

```python theme={"theme":{"light":"catppuccin-latte","dark":"catppuccin-mocha"}}
agent = create_deep_agent(
    model=model,
    backend=backend,
    permissions=[
        FilesystemPermission(
            operations=["read", "write"],
            paths=["/workspace/**"],
            mode="allow",
        ),
        FilesystemPermission(
            operations=["read", "write"],
            paths=["/**"],
            mode="deny",
        ),
    ],
    subagents=[
        {
            "name": "auditor",
            "description": "Read-only code reviewer",
            "system_prompt": "Review the code for issues.",
            "permissions": [
                FilesystemPermission(
                    operations=["write"],
                    paths=["/**"],
                    mode="deny",
                ),
                FilesystemPermission(
                    operations=["read"],
                    paths=["/workspace/**"],
                    mode="allow",
                ),
                FilesystemPermission(
                    operations=["read"],
                    paths=["/**"],
                    mode="deny",
                ),
            ],
        }
    ],
)
```

## 组合后端

当使用带有沙箱默认值的 [`CompositeBackend`](https://reference.langchain.com/python/deepagents/backends/composite/CompositeBackend) 时，每个权限路径必须限定在已知的路由前缀下。沙箱支持任意命令执行，因此仅靠基于路径的限制无法防止通过 Shell 命令进行文件系统访问。将权限限定到特定路由的[后端](/oss/python/deepagents/backends)可以避免此冲突。

```python theme={"theme":{"light":"catppuccin-latte","dark":"catppuccin-mocha"}}
from deepagents.backends import CompositeBackend


composite = CompositeBackend(
    default=sandbox,
    routes={"/memories/": memories_backend},
)

# Works: permissions are scoped to the /memories/ route
agent = create_deep_agent(
    model=model,
    backend=composite,
    permissions=[
        FilesystemPermission(
            operations=["write"],
            paths=["/memories/**"],
            mode="deny",
        ),
    ],
)
```

包含任何路由之外路径的权限会引发 `NotImplementedError`：

```python theme={"theme":{"light":"catppuccin-latte","dark":"catppuccin-mocha"}}
# Raises NotImplementedError: /workspace/** hits the sandbox default
try:
    create_deep_agent(
        model=model,
        backend=composite,
        permissions=[
            FilesystemPermission(
                operations=["write"],
                paths=["/workspace/**"],
                mode="deny",
            ),
        ],
    )
except NotImplementedError:
    pass

# Also raises: /** covers both routes and the default
try:
    create_deep_agent(
        model=model,
        backend=composite,
        permissions=[
            FilesystemPermission(
                operations=["read"],
                paths=["/**"],
                mode="deny",
            ),
        ],
    )
except NotImplementedError:
    pass
```

***

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